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Active vs passive investing: pros and cons

Find out the key differences between active and passive investing, and how we combine the two styles to maximise returns.

Adam MacPhee of RBC Brewin Dolphin.
Adam MacPhee of RBC Brewin Dolphin.

Here, Alan MacPhee from RBC Brewin Dolphin explain the differences between the two investment styles, and why combining the two enables us to maximise returns for clients.

Passive investing

“The objective of passive investing is to track a specific index, commodity, or basket of assets. If a fund tracks the FTSE 100, for example, its goal will be to match the performance of that index. As well as tracking well-known indices, passive funds might target more specific countries, sectors, industries or sub-industries.

Passive funds provide a convenient and inexpensive way of gaining exposure to assets that might be cumbersome and expensive to buy direct (such as gold) or logistically challenging to buy direct (imagine investing in every company in the S&P 500!).

Passive funds may also prove useful when investing in an industry where the competitive environment is ever-changing. With cyber security, for example, the playing field moves with every new threat and resulting technology to combat it; it’s very challenging to select a couple of winners.

The downside of passive investing is there is no intention to outperform the market. The fund’s performance should match the index, whether it rises or falls.

Active investing

“Active managers aim to outperform a particular index (their ‘benchmark’) by using their knowledge and experience of markets and economics to seek out investment opportunities and take advantage of market inefficiencies. Active managers will hold stocks where they see opportunity for attractive returns and omit holdings that they consider to be poor quality or expensive.

Active managers look for opportunities where assets are mispriced. These opportunities are more likely to be in markets that are less well covered and less liquid, such as emerging markets and small cap stocks. At RBC Brewin Dolphin, we use active managers to gain exposure to such markets; their experience, knowledge and deep cultural understanding of their universes are of significant value.

Changing market environments might also present mispricing opportunities. Active managers performed strongly in 2020 when Covid-19 brought about dramatic and swift changes in consumer behaviour. The ‘stay at home’ stocks boomed while leisure stocks languished.

One of the biggest benefits of active management is that you can be the ‘tortoise’ rather than the ‘hare’ if you have the benefit of a longer time horizon. Warren Buffett and Terry Smith share our philosophy that companies with superior returns on investment, with the opportunities to reinvest those proceeds at attractive rates, will outperform over the long run.

The downside of active investing is there is no guarantee that active funds will outperform their benchmark, particularly once the higher fees are taken into consideration.

Active vs passive – key characteristics

Active funds

Objective: Outperform their benchmark.

Strategy: Select assets that offer promising investment opportunities.

Pros: Potential to capture mispricing opportunities and beat the market.

Cons: Fees are typically higher and there is no guarantee of outperformance.

Passive funds

Objective: Track a specific index, commodity, or basket of assets.

Strategy: Replicate the performance of the underlying index.

Pros: Convenient and low-cost way of gaining exposure to certain assets/industries.

Cons: No opportunity to outperform the market.

Best of both worlds

“We believe that active and passive funds both have a role to play in a diversified investment portfolio. Whenever possible, we invest in a core of individual equities that we believe will outperform our benchmark over the longer term, but will also access external active management capabilities in markets and strategies which are outside of our expertise. We use passive funds as a cost-effective way of achieving broader market participation, or more specific exposure on a short-term basis.

By utilising different assets that are available to us, we aim to steer portfolios through market cycles while capturing mispricing opportunities along the way.

Next steps

“Understanding where and how to invest your money isn’t always easy – and that’s where getting some financial advice can help. By getting to know you and what you want to achieve, a financial adviser can build a portfolio that suits your individual circumstances and works hard to grow your investments over the long term. Let us help you realise your financial ambitions so you can enjoy the things you love.”

Contact Alan at +44 (0) 1224 267900 or email at alan.macphee@brewin.co.uk.

Learn more about RBC Brewin Dolphin today.

The value of investments can fall and you may get back less than you invested. Information is provided only as an example and is not a recommendation to pursue a particular strategy. Forecasts are not a reliable indicator of future performance.

RBC Brewin Dolphin is a trading name of RBC Europe Limited. RBC Europe Limited is registered in England and Wales No. 995939. Registered Address: 100 Bishopsgate, London EC2N 4AA. Authorised by the Prudential Regulation Authority and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority and the Prudential Regulation Authority.   
® / ™ Trademark(s) of Royal Bank of Canada. Used under licence.

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