Scottish wildcats bred in captivity and then released into the Cairngorms National Park have had kittens.
Videos released today show the young animals playing with each other and their mum.
It is believed that “at least” two females have given birth.
The species was declared critically endangered in 2018, so the news is welcome relief to charity Saving Wildcats who captured the footage.
But it will take DNA testing when the kittens are older to prove the wildcats are purebred with wildcat males.
The kittens have been born after a ground-breaking project to repopulate the Highlands with the indigenous animal.
Last summer, 19 wildcats were released by the Saving Wildcats partnership, led by the Royal Zoological Society of Scotland.
‘We didn’t dare to dream’ of wildcat kittens in first year
This marks a significant milestone in the project’s efforts to restore the wildcat to Scotland.
Dr Keri Langridge, Saving Wildcats field manager, said: “We suspected that some of the females had given birth when their movement and activity changed very suddenly but didn’t know for sure until footage of the kittens was captured on our cameras.
“With the support of local landowners, gamekeepers and the local community, our field team has successfully managed to monitor and film these kittens in the wild – which is no simple task.
“We have taken extreme care not to disturb the mother and kittens, and we carry out all monitoring work under licence from NatureScot.
“We didn’t dare to dream that we would have wildcat kittens in the first year of releases, and seeing those kittens on the video was the most exciting moment of the project so far.”
Dr Helen Senn, lead for Saving Wildcats, said: “This is a major milestone for wildcat recovery in Scotland.
“These births demonstrate that the process of breeding wildcats for release into the wild is working, as those released animals have learned to hunt and survive – and now reproduce in their first breeding season, a clear indication that they are doing well.
“However, we have to bear in mind that life in the wild is hard and they will face many challenges.
“While the mortality rate for wildcat kittens in their first year of life can be high, we are hopeful for the future of these kittens.”
DNA testing will prove if they are pure wild
She added: “There is also the risk of interbreeding (hybridisation) between wildcats and domestic cats, despite our efforts to trap, neuter, vaccinate and release feral domestic cats in the local area.
“That’s why we always emphasise the important contribution to wildcat conservation that local people can make by ensuring their pet cats are neutered, as well as microchipped and vaccinated.
“While we know from their GPS-radio collars that the two females that have given birth have overlapped with male wildcats, we do not yet know their paternity.”
She said: “Once the wildcats are old enough, we will attempt to get a DNA profile from them.
“We are hopeful that they are indeed the offspring of male wildcats that were released last year – and the first of many more to come.”