Nearly 200 areas are to be set aside to give seals get extra protection around the Scottish coast.
Legislation to designate 194 protected sites has been introduced to the Scottish Parliament.
Under the draft order, which is subject to normal parliamentary procedure, it will be an offence to intentionally or recklessly harass the animals in the designated areas from September 30. Anyone found guilty could face up to a six months in prison or a £5,000 fine.
The selected haul-out sites are isolated locations where the mammals come ashore to rest, breed and moult. Together with the existing network of special areas of conservation (SACs), they will protect at least half the population of grey and common seals in Scottish waters.
Environment Secretary Richard Lochhead said: “Seals are one of Scotland’s most iconic species and that is why we have introduced a raft of new measures to better protect them.
“Haul-out sites are key to the success of both grey and common seals and this list represents an important step in their conservation.
“Over the last four years, Marine Scotland has worked closely with the Natural Environment Research Council and the Sea Mammal Research Unit to identify the listed sites, which are the most crucial for seals in Scottish waters.
“Those engaging in the intentional or reckless harassment of seals in these areas will be committing an offence and if caught will be punished appropriately.”
Sarah Dolman, deputy convener of Scottish Environment Link marine taskforce said: “This is a welcome announcement, especially to help reverse declines in harbour seal populations.
“Designation of these haul-out sites, along with robust guidance, will help decision makers to ensure protection of seals and is an important piece of the jigsaw that is the effective management of Scottish seas.”
Libby Anderson, policy director at animal protection charity OneKind said: “We hope that this will lead to all those who share the environment with marine wildlife, from dog walkers to anglers, fish farmers and salmon netsmen, recognising that seals at rest must be left alone.”